NEWS

Oxford Economics Report – Quantum Computing Could Boost UK Productivity and GDP Growth, But Government Support is Crucial

New data show quantum computing could increase productivity across the UK economy by up to 7% by 2045, potentially delivering £212 billion of gross value added to UK GDP
Findings suggest key sectors such as pharma and defence could see vast productivity gains of up to 54% and 33% respectively by 2050, with similar figures for other key sectors

Oxford, U.K., 6 February 2025 – New research from Oxford Economics, published today, predicts that quantum computing could give the UK an economy-wide productivity boost of up to 7% by 2045 – equivalent to every worker achieving an additional three weeks’ worth of productivity per year without working an extra hour. The research shows this could add £212 billion – or approximately £7,500 per household1 – to the UK’s GDP, based on a scenario where commercially valuable industry use cases of quantum computing will first be observed in 2035.

The modelling also predicts that if quantum computing becomes commercially viable earlier, by 2029, the UK could see an economy-wide productivity increase of up to 8% by 2040, adding more than £200 billion to national GDP.

Government support crucial
The report notes the UK is among the global leaders in quantum computing and is home to the largest number of quantum start-ups in Europe, with world class research facilities. However, it finds this advantage could be lost without appropriate government funding and support for the industry.

Quantum computers have the potential to solve computational problems that are either impractical or impossible for today’s traditional super-computers to perform on their own. Experts believe this will lead to significant advancements, from accelerating drug discovery and optimising energy grids to enhancing cyber security.

The report, ‘Ensuring That The UK Can Capture The Benefits of Quantum Computing’, investigates the importance of the contribution of the UK’s quantum ecosystem to the economy, today and in the future. It also looks at how the sector is funded relative to its international competitors and the benefits it might bring to key UK industries.

Key findings include:

Boost to UK productivity and GDP

Year	Productivity Increase	GDP Equivalent
Scenario 1: Quantum Computing Becomes Commercially Viable by 2035
2035	1%	£23 billion
2040	4%	£98 billion
2045	7%	£212 billion
2050	8%	£284 billion
Scenario 2: Quantum Computing Becomes Commercially Viable by 2029
2035	5%	£95 billion
2040	8%	£200 billion
2045	8%	£239 billion
2050	8%	£285 billion

Source: Oxford Economics

Sector-specific productivity gains from quantum computing, under the scenario in which commercially viable industry use cases of quantum computing are first observed in 2035

	Expected productivity gain by 2055	Industry CAGR with quantum computers	Industry CAGR without quantum computers
Economy wide	8%
Electrical manufacturing	54%	2.1%	0.7%
Pharmaceuticals	54%	4.5%	3.0%
Oil and Gas	46%	7.9%	6.6%
Defence	33%	4.9%	4.0%
Business services	32%	3.8%	2.8%
Transport	26%	4.6%	3.8%
Chemical products	26%	4.6%	3.8%
Financial services	24%	4.7%	4.0%
Agriculture	10%	3.2%	2.9%

Source: Oxford Economics

Funding gap between the UK and peer nations

UK quantum hardware funding per company is 10x smaller than major competitors including France and Australia.

Increasingly, governments around the world are recognising the importance of quantum technologies to national security with many large-scale funding announcements being made by defence departments.

Contribution of the UK quantum sector to the economy

The average labour productivity of the UK quantum sector (as measured by gross value added per worker) is £128,020 – more than twice as much as the average UK worker contribution of £61,900.

The report estimates that in 2023 the direct contribution to UK GDP of the quantum computing industry was £135 million.

This is projected to increase to £706 million in 2034, between £1.7 billion and £3.8 billion by 2045, and between £2.1 billion and £4.5 billion by 2055, based on pessimistic, general and optimistic scenarios

UK-wide job creation

In the most optimistic scenario, the modelling shows the number of jobs created by the UK quantum sector could increase from 5,100 in 2023 to up to 26,900 by 2034, 126,100 by 2045, and 148,100 by 2055.

Of these, only 24% will be in the sector itself, with the rest forecast to be supported in its supply chain and through consumer spending from those employed in the sector.

In 2055, the sector is forecast to have an employment multiplier of 4.2. This means for every 10 people projected to be employed in the quantum computing sector itself, another 32 are predicted to be employed around the rest of the UK.

Andy Logan, Director, Oxford Economics, said:

“Our analysis makes clear that the UK’s quantum ecosystem has the potential to deliver significant economic benefits in the future in terms of economic growth, skilled jobs, and wider productivity gains. These will make several British industries more competitive and enhance the population’s standard of living. But to take advantage of the opportunity, government and the industry need to work together to ensure industry is appropriately funded and develops successfully to be globally competitive.”

Gerald Mullally, Interim CEO, Oxford Quantum Circuits, said:

“The UK is home to one of the strongest quantum ecosystems in the world, with world-class talent and research already driving breakthroughs. Quantum technology presents a once-in-a-generation opportunity to transform some of our most impactful and important industries and to secure the UK’s position as a global leader in the next technological revolution. To seize this opportunity, we need bold, long-term commitment from the government as a strategic investor, customer, and partner. Other nations are moving fast, and without decisive action, the UK risks falling behind in a race that will define the future of technology and economic competitiveness.”

Dr Nicola Hodson, Chair, IBM UK & Ireland, said:

“From accelerating scientific discoveries, to strengthening national security and turbocharging productivity, this research underlines the powerful benefits quantum computing can deliver across the UK economy in the coming years.

“This is why we at IBM are working with the UK government and clients across sectors – as well as the global quantum ecosystem – to engage with quantum computing today, so that we can reap the huge potential rewards of this technology in the years to come.”